Among the prominent Islamic movements in South Asia, the Barelvi movement stands out for its strong spiritual foundation, profound devotion to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and firm commitment to traditional Sunni practices. Emerging in colonial-era India as a counter-response to modernist and reformist currents, the Barelvi tradition has played a significant role in shaping the religious identity of countless South Asian Muslims.
Whether you’re exploring Islamic theology or simply interested in the spectrum of Muslim beliefs, delving into the Barelvi movement provides valuable insight into how Islamic tradition, spirituality, and communal life come together.
🕰️ Historical Background
The Barelvi movement was founded in the late 19th century by Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921) in Bareilly, located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India. A renowned scholar and jurist, Ahmed Raza Khan was a vocal critic of reformist movements like Wahhabism and Deobandism, which he believed diluted classical Sunni doctrines and failed to honor the elevated status of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
He firmly adhered to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, embraced Ashari/Maturidi theology, and actively promoted Sufi spiritual practices. His teachings combined legal orthodoxy with deep devotional reverence, forming a school of thought that continues to influence millions of followers across the region and beyond.
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